Archive for the tag: Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 – Causes – Symptoms – Insulin Resistance, Hyperglycemia, Dyslipidemia

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Endocrinology – Diabetes Mellitus: By Dawn Dewitt M.D.

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medskl.com is a global, free open access medical education (FOAMEd) project covering the fundamentals of clinical medicine with animations, lectures and concise summaries. medskl.com is working with over 170 award-winning medical school professors to provide content in 200+ clinical presentations for use in the classroom and for physician CME.

Endocrinology – Diabetes Mellitus
Whiteboard Animation Transcript
with Dawn Dewitt, MD
https://medskl.com/Module/Index/diabetes-mellitus

Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugars, is the most common, and one of the most feared, complication of diabetes treatment. It must be taken seriously as patients can die from this condition. Having an episode raises the risk of mortality over the next 12 months by 65%.

Hypoglycemia is often triggered when those with uncontrolled diabetes try to achieve “tight control”. You must think of hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient who presents with signs and symptoms of epinephrine release, like shakiness, anxiety, tremor, palpitations and sweating.

Usually patients with neuroglycopenia, or low brain blood sugar, have confusion, seizures and coma.

Severe hypoglycemia is defined as needing the help of another person.

If a patient with diabetes presents with signs suggestive of hypoglycemia… remember the following:

Consider hypoglycemia even with “normal” sugar levels in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes. Their glucose may be falling rapidly with better control
You need to rule out mimicking conditions like acute myocardial ischemia or infection
If patients need beta blockers for heart problems, counsel them that beta-blockers do not usually eliminate the symptoms of hypoglycemia; most patients on beta-blockers still have profuse “sweats” as a symptom of hypoglycemia

Causes of hypoglycemia include:

too much insulin or sulfonylurea
mismatch of insulin, sulfonylurea or exercise with food intake
continuing to take diabetes medications with nausea, vomiting or diarrhea
decreased renal clearance of insulin or sulfonylureas

Most patients with mild or moderate hypoglycemia can self-treat with oral glucose like jelly-beans, but hospitalization may be required for severe hypoglycemia.

Remember to continue “basal” insulin in patients with T1DM!  They require insulin and will go into DKA because they REQUIRE some insulin at all times. Give intravenous glucose as needed. 

The key to lowering the risk of further episodes of hypoglycemia includes a detailed understanding the timing of the patient’s medications insulin (onset, peak and duration) with respect to when they eat and exercise. Frequent blood sugar monitoring is critical.
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Diabetes mellitus Type 2 – Prevention

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Diabetes mellitus Type 2 - Prevention

Link to a pdf with question and answers based on the video:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1k06HS-Y0crQbRcG43q6oH0EpHDJrGWVE/view?usp=sharing
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Diabetes Mellitus: Tratamiento #endocrinología

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Diabetes Mellitus: Tratamiento #endocrinología

Tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus: una introducción.

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#diabetes #endocrinologia

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Diabetes mellitus

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El Dr. Juan F. Ascaso, presidente de la Sociedad Española de la Arteriosclerosis (SEA), participa en en la sesión ‘De las recomendaciones de las guías a la práctica clínica real’, perteneciente a la ‘Jornada Galáctica sobre Guías de Lípidos y objetivos a alcanzar en los pacientes de más alto riesgo cardiovascular’ (Málaga, 4-5 abril, 2014).

Accede a la jornada completa en htt://guiaslipidos.secardiologia.es
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DIABETES MELLITUS – tipo 1 y 2, fisiopatología, cetoacidosis diabética, diagnóstico y tratamiento

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📑 La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es una diabetes de origen autoinmunitario, (diabetes insulinodependiente) esta sucede por la destrucción de las células beta del páncreas; La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 está más asociada a una descompensación de los lípidos del cuerpo (provocado por la obesidad) y también por la disminución de la captación de la glucosa por parte del organismo.

TED talk sobre diabetes y obesidad:

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📌 REFERENCIAS y BIBLIOGRAFÍA 📚
☑️ Medicina interna. Farreras – Rozman 18va ed. © 2016 Elsevier.
☑️ Porth Fisiopatología. Grossman – Mattson 9na ed. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer.
☑️ Harrison principios de Medicina Interna. 19na ed. © 2015 McGraw-Hill.
☑️ Histología texto y atlas. Wojciech Pawlina 7ma ed. © 2016 Wolters Kluwer
☑️ http://atlas.med.uchile.cl/43.htm (Sobre los Linfocitos AUTORREACTIVOS)
☑️ https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/balanitis.html (SOBRRE LAS INFECCIONES GENITO-URINARIAS)
☑️ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28065975 (SOBRRE LAS INFECCIONES GENITO-URINARIAS)
☑️ https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/35/11/1215 (SOBRE EL HLA)
☑️ https://www.nature.com/articles/35053000 (SOBRE HORMONA RESISTINA)
☑️ https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2017.00343/full (SOBRE LA DESTRUCCIÓN AUTOINMUNE DEL ISLOTE PANCREATICO)
☑️ Giovannone B, Scaldaferri ML, Federici M et al. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) transduction system: distinct and overlapping signaling potential. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2000;16:434-41 (SOBRE LA RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA)
☑️ http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?pid=S0016-38132005000600009&script=sci_arttext (SOBRE LAS HORMONAS PRODUCIDAS POR EL TEJIDO ADIPOSO)
☑️ Chen, Zhonge; Yu, Rong; Xiong, Ying; Du, Fangteng; Zhu, Shuishan (octubre de 2017). «A vicious circle between insulin resistance and inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease» (UN CÍRCULO VICIOSO ENTRE LA RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA Y LA INFLAMACIÓN EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE HÍGADO GRASO NO ALCOHÓLICO). ENLACE: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5644081/
☑️ Gray Anatomía para Estudiantes 2ed. (2010) Elsevier.

#Endocrinología #Medicina #Diabetes

TEMAS EN ESTE VIDEO
0:00 Introducción
2:14 Insulina
6:15 Diabetes TIPO 1
10:02 Diabetes TIPO 2
15:49 Manifestaciones clínicas
23:09 Complicaciones
33:04 Diagnóstico y Tratamiento
37:09 Referencias

Aviso:
El objetivo de este video es introducir y explicar de manera introductoria el contenido de DIABETES MELLITUS, para confirmar y ampliar el conocimiento dirigirse a las fuentes de más arriba.

Algunas imágenes usadas en este video son de propiedad intelectual de sus creadores; para ver su origen ir a las referencias.

Contacto: Mediversia2017@gmail.com
Producido y narrado por: Eslin Cipión Bueno
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MUSIC BY:
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Creative Commons — Attribution 3.0 Unported— CC BY 3.0
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Diabetes Mellitus – Mechanism and Causes of Insulin Resistance

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Diabetes Mellitus - Mechanism and Causes of Insulin Resistance

Please read and agree to the disclaimer before watching this video.
. Diabetes Mellitus – Mechanism and Causes of Insulin Resistance

Let’s discuss how type 2 diabetes mellitus occurs. We will review the pathology and the mechanism that causes diabetes mellitus. We will build upon these concepts to discuss anti-diabetic lifestyle and drugs in the future.

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Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional. …
Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.

What is Diabetes Mellitus? (Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, Prevention)

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What is Diabetes Mellitus? (too much sugar in the blood) – https://healthery.com/health/diabetes-mellitus/

Presented by healthery.com

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease of the pancreas. The pancreas is responsible for producing the hormone insulin. Insulin assists the body with using food for energy. Diabetes uses the insulin incorrectly or is failing to produce enough insulin. Insulin works to deliver glucose into the cells to be burned up as energy. When there is an insufficient level of insulin glucose levels rise. This is because the glucose cannot enter the body’s cells to be burned up fuel. Diabetes is also referred to as hyperglycemia or high blood sugar. It is estimated that about 6% or 17 million Americans have diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is known to be the 6th leading cause of death in the U.S.

What are the Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus? Common symptoms include frequent urination, fatigue, and a decreased appetite. As well as unexplained weight loss, excessive hunger, extremely dry skin, sores. Including sudden changes in vision, tired often, tingling or numb hands & feet. As well as an unusually high number of infections.

What Causes Diabetes Mellitus? Diabetes Mellitus is the general name for three distinct types of diabetes. Type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes. Type 1 occurs when the immune system destroys the beta cells in the pancreas. These cells are for insulin production, which is unable to be made. Type 2 is associated with the lifestyle habits and is the most common form. Obesity, poor diet and low activity are usually the causes of type 2 diabetes. In this form patients do produce insulin, but not enough to meet the demand. Gestational diabetes only occurs during pregnancy. Caused when increased hormones for the fetus leads to excess sugar in the blood. If the mother’s pancreas cannot produce more insulin it leads to this form. It is normally temporary and will end after the baby is born.

How is Diabetes Mellitus Treated? It is not reversible (for the exception of gestational which is only temporary). Treatment includes maintaining normal glucose levels & controlling cholesterol. Patients must monitor their blood sugar levels daily and watch their diets. As well as be physically active, monitor oral medicine, manage weight & stress. While also self-administering insulin via pump or injection, if required. Type 1 is a form that always requires insulin. Type 2 diabetes can be controlled through diet and exercise. However, severe forms of Type 2 may require insulin injections.

How is Diabetes Mellitus Prevented? All forms of type 1 are hereditary and cannot be prevented. Complications can be prevented or reduced by regulating blood sugar. Type 2 diabetes is a preventable disease. Often, people are warned they are pre-diabetic before they are fully diagnosed. A low-fat high fiber diet, 30 minutes of exercise & weight monitoring can help. In gestational diabetes, maintain a healthy diet and do regular blood testing. Typically, testing will be within 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. If a pregnant woman is diagnosed, her doctor will do the following: track her blood sugar and weight gain, as well as recommend a balanced diet.

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Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 – Causes – Symptoms – Hyperglycemia – Ketoacidosis

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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus | Concerns and Care

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Risa Wolf, a pediatric endocrinologist and diabetes expert, discusses the increased incidence of obesity, prediabetes and diabetes in children and how it affects communities locally and globally.

Learn more at https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/johns-hopkins-childrens-center/what-we-treat/specialties/endocrinology/

FAQ’s
0:01 What distinguishes Johns Hopkins Children’s Center’s Endocrinology and Diabetes program?