Archive for the 'type 2 diabetes' Category

Diabetic foot examination – OSCE guide (Old Version 2)

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This video aims to give you an idea of what’s required in the Diabetic Foot Examination OSCE.

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Chapters:
– Introduction 00:00
– General inspection 00:39
– Close inspection of legs and toes 00:52
– Temperature and capillary refill 01:25
– Assessment of pulses 01:50
– Assessment of sensation with mono-filament 02:15
– Assessment of vibration sensation with tuning fork 02:44
– Assessment of proprioception 03:26
– Ankle jerk reflex 03:55
– Gait 04:20
– Inspection of footwear 04:35
– Summary of findings and further investigations 04:53
– Credits 05:16

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Always adhere to your medical school/local hospital guidelines when performing examinations or clinical procedures. DO NOT perform any examination or procedure on patients based purely upon the content of these videos. Geeky Medics accepts no liability for loss of any kind incurred as a result of reliance upon the information provided in this video.

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Nightwatch: EMTs Use "Miracle Drug" To Solve Diabetic Emergency | A&E

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In a diabetic emergency, EMTs employ a “miracle drug” to treat a patient, in this scene from Season 4, Episode 8.

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First Aid and Sudden Illness: Diabetic Emergency

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Would you know what to do in a diabetic emergency?
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According to a medical website, Foot infections are the most common problems in persons with diabetes. These individuals are predisposed to foot infections because of a compromised vascular supply secondary to diabetes.

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Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) & Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)

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During this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will be presenting on the differential diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS). These are the most common and life threatening acute complications from diabetes mellitus. Throughout the length of this lecture you will be able to learn the clinical presentations of DKA and HHS, how each condition is diagnosed, along with the treatment of these medical emergencies. We will be presenting on the most relevant concepts which will be delivered in a high yield format to compliment your studies. We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to support us below!

Kussmaul Breathing in 10 y/o DM-I: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TG0vpKae3Js&feature=youtu.be

Normal values pertinent to this lecture
1) Anion Gap: 3-10 mEQ/L
2) Serum Osmolality: 285-295 mOsm/kg
3) pH= 7.35-7.45
4) PaCO2: 35-45mmHg
5) HCO3-: 22-26 mEQ/L
Reference: CMDT

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TikTok users turn to diabetes medication for weight loss

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NBC’s Kristen Dahlgren joins Shep Smith to report that TikTok users are using Ozempic, a diabetes medication, to lose weight. For access to live and exclusive video from CNBC subscribe to CNBC PRO: https://cnb.cx/2NGeIvi

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Med Talk/Health Talk: Diabetic Neuropathy

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Over six million Filipinos have diabetes, and this number only continues to grow.

Managing the disease and preventing its complications are key. Among these complications is diabetic neuropathy or nerve damage.

In this episode, we’ll talk more about its types, risk factors and how best to manage it.
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Dog Alerts Owner With Diabetes When Blood Sugar is Low

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Dogs can be trained to smell when someone with diabetes has low blood sugar. 28-year-old Samantha Stocking adopted Korey when he was just 2 months old, and she’s trained him to act as her service dog. Stocking has Type 1 diabetes and Korey alerts her whenever her blood sugar is too low by nudging her leg. He will then reportedly fetch her a bottle of juice.
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Diabetic Emergencies

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Life's Simple 7: Reduce Blood Sugar

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Life's Simple 7: Reduce Blood Sugar

February is Heart Month. Keep your heart healthy by reducing your blood sugars. Your blood sugars, also known as glucose, determine your risk factors for certain diseases. High blood sugars increase your risk of developing pre-diabetes, diabetes, heart disease as well as stroke. The good new is you can often prevent or delay the onset of Type-2 Diabetes by making healthy lifestyle choices. Weight loss, regular exercise and a diet rich in fruits, vegetables and lean proteins – as well as not using tobacco products – are key in managing diabetes. Take control of your blood sugars by getting regularly checked by your physician and making healthy lifestyle changes. Take care of your heart, and your heart will take care of you.
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Regulation of Blood Glucose Animation

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Regulation of Blood Glucose Animation

📌𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦 :- https://www.instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash

Regulation of glucose in the body is done autonomically and constantly throughout each minute of the day. Normal BG levels should be between 60 and 140 mg/dL in order to supply cells of the body with its required energy. Brain cells don’t require insulin to drive glucose into neurons; however, there must still be normal amounts available. Too little glucose, called hypoglycemia, starves cells, and too much glucose (hyperglycemia) creates a sticky, paralyzing effect on cells. Euglycemia, or blood sugar within the normal range, is naturally ideal for the body’s functions. A delicate balance between hormones of the pancreas, intestines, brain, and even adrenals is required to maintain normal BG levels.

Hormones of the Pancreas
——————————————–
Regulation of blood glucose is largely done through the endocrine hormones of the pancreas, a beautiful balance of hormones achieved through a negative feedback loop. The main hormones of the pancreas that affect blood glucose include insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and amylin.

Insulin (formed in pancreatic beta cells) lowers BG levels, whereas glucagon (from pancreatic alpha cells) elevates BG levels.

Somatostatin is formed in the delta cells of the pancreas and acts as the “pancreatic policeman,” balancing insulin and glucagon. It helps the pancreas alternate in turning on or turning off each opposing hormone.

Amylin is a hormone, made in a 1:100 ratio with insulin, that helps increase satiety, or satisfaction and state of fullness from a meal, to prevent overeating. It also helps slow the stomach contents from emptying too quickly, to avoid a quick spike in BG levels.

As a meal containing carbohydrates is eaten and digested, BG levels rise, and the pancreas turns on insulin production and turns off glucagon production. Glucose from the bloodstream enters liver cells, stimulating the action of several enzymes that convert the glucose to chains of glycogen—so long as both insulin and glucose remain plentiful. In this postprandial or “fed” state, the liver takes in more glucose from the blood than it releases. After a meal has been digested and BG levels begin to fall, insulin secretion drops and glycogen synthesis stops. When it is needed for energy, the liver breaks down glycogen and converts it to glucose for easy transport through the bloodstream to the cells of the body (Wikipedia, 2012a).

In a healthy liver, up to 10% of its total volume is used for glycogen stores. Skeletal muscle cells store about 1% of glycogen. The liver converts glycogen back to glucose when it is needed for energy and regulates the amount of glucose circulating between meals. Your liver is amazing in that it knows how much to store and keep, or break down and release, to maintain ideal plasma glucose levels. Imitation of this process is the goal of insulin therapy when glucose levels are managed externally. Basal–bolus dosing is used as clinicians attempt to replicate this normal cycle.

While a healthy body requires a minimum concentration of circulating glucose (60–100 mg/dl), high chronic concentrations cause health problems and are toxic:

Acutely: Hyperglycemia of greater than 300 mg/dl causes polyuria, resulting in dehydration. Profound hyperglycemia ( greater than 500 mg/dl) leads to confusion, cerebral edema, coma, and, eventually, death (Ferrante, 2007).
Chronically: Hyperglycemia that averages more than 120 to 130 mg/dl gradually damages tissues throughout the body and makes a person more susceptible to infections. The glucose becomes syrupy in the bloodstream, intoxicating cells and competing with life-giving oxygen.
The concentration of glucose in the blood is determined by the balance between the rate of glucose entering and the rate of glucose leaving the circulation. These signals are delivered throughout the body by two pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon (Maitra, 2009). Optimal health requires that:

When blood glucose concentrations are low, the liver is signaled to add glucose to the circulation.
When blood glucose concentrations are high, the liver and the skeletal muscles are signaled to remove glucose from the circulation.

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