Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong condition in which the body can’t control levels of glucose in the blood. Find out more here: http://bit.ly/LQPyF4
The content is intended for general information only and does not replace the need for personal advice from a qualified health professional.
Recent studies have shed light on the benefits plant-based diets may offer for managing type 2 diabetes.
See how Kaiser Permanente is using this research to improve the life of those living with diabetes: http://k-p.li/16Caxqj
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New cases of type 2 diabetes in young people are increasing. The time for action is now. Learn more: https://www.cdc.gov/features/prevent-diabetes-kids/index.html
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Diabetes mellitus type 2 (also known as type 2 diabetes) is a long-term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.[6] Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Symptoms may also include increased hunger, feeling tired, and sores that do not heal.[3] Often symptoms come on slowly.[6] Long-term complications from high blood sugar include heart disease, strokes, diabetic retinopathy which can result in blindness, kidney failure, and poor blood flow in the limbs which may lead to amputations.[1] The sudden onset of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state may occur; however, ketoacidosis is uncommon.[4][5]
Type 2 diabetes primarily occurs as a result of obesity and lack of exercise.[1] Some people are more genetically at risk than others.[6] Type 2 diabetes makes up about 90% of cases of diabetes, with the other 10% due primarily to diabetes mellitus type 1 and gestational diabetes.[1] In diabetes mellitus type 1 there is a lower total level of insulin to control blood glucose, due to an autoimmune induced loss of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.[12][13] Diagnosis of diabetes is by blood tests such as fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, or glycated hemoglobin (A1C).[3]
Type 2 diabetes is partly preventable by staying a normal weight, exercising regularly, and eating properly. Treatment involves exercise and dietary changes.[1] If blood sugar levels are not adequately lowered, the medication metformin is typically recommended.[7][14] Many people may eventually also require insulin injections.[9] In those on insulin, routinely checking blood sugar levels is advised; however, this may not be needed in those taking pills.[15] Bariatric surgery often improves diabetes in those who are obese.[8][16]
Rates of type 2 diabetes have increased markedly since 1960 in parallel with obesity.[17] As of 2015 there were approximately 392 million people diagnosed with the disease compared to around 30 million in 1985.[11][18] Typically it begins in middle or older age,[6] although rates of type 2 diabetes are increasing in young people.[19][20] Type 2 diabetes is associated with a ten-year-shorter life expectancy. Type 2 diabetes is due to insufficient insulin production from beta cells in the setting of insulin resistance.[13] Insulin resistance, which is the inability of cells to respond adequately to normal levels of insulin, occurs primarily within the muscles, liver, and fat tissue.[44] In the liver, insulin normally suppresses glucose release. However, in the setting of insulin resistance, the liver inappropriately releases glucose into the blood.[10] The proportion of insulin resistance versus beta cell dysfunction differs among individuals, with some having primarily insulin resistance and only a minor defect in insulin secretion and others with slight insulin resistance and primarily a lack of insulin secretion.[13]
Other potentially important mechanisms associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance include: increased breakdown of lipids within fat cells, resistance to and lack of incretin, high glucagon levels in the blood, increased retention of salt and water by the kidneys, and inappropriate regulation of metabolism by the central nervous system.[10] However, not all people with insulin resistance develop diabetes, since an impairment of insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells is also requ
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Part 2 of two animations about type 2 diabetes.
This animation describes the role of the insulin receptor in type 2 diabetes. It focuses on the very recent discovery of how the hormone insulin actually binds to the receptor on the surface of cells, as determined by Professor Mike Lawrence’s laboratory at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute.
Insulin binds to the receptor protein on the cell surface and instructs the cell to take up glucose from the blood for use as an energy source. In type 2 diabetes, we believe that insulin binds to the receptor normally, but the signal is not sent into the cell, the cells do not take up glucose and the resulting high blood glucose levels cause organ damage over time.
Understanding how insulin interacts with its receptor is fundamental to the development of novel insulin for the treatment of diabetes.
Maja Divjak, 2015
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Sheela Magge, director of the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes at Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, talks about type 2 diabetes mellitus during childhood.
Learn more at https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/johns-hopkins-childrens-center/what-we-treat/specialties/endocrinology/
To learn more visit: http://www.AnimatedDiabetesPatient.com
A patient discusses the complications of diabetes if it is not properly monitored and controlled.
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If you have type 2 diabetes, there are steps you can take that may help you keep your blood sugar within a normal range. Some ways to help manage your type 2 diabetes are explained.
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Find out what type 2 diabetes actually is, how it is caused and how a better diet can help with managing it, including a delicious curry recipe that is diabetes friendly. Nutritionist Carla Bredin continues her series of healthy recipes with laya healthcare.
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Learn more at: http://www.AnimatedDiabetesPatient.com
Diabetes is diagnosed through laboratory blood tests: the fasting blood glucose test, hemoglobin A1c test, and the oral glucose tolerance test. Serious complications arise with type 2 diabetes, if not diagnosed early, or if inadequately controlled. Regular check-ups and monitoring are stressed, as these can help delay or prevent many diabetes complications.
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What is Type 2 Diabetes? http://www.clearlyhealth.com
